Overview

   According to the statistics, about one of three people in the world will develop some form of malignancy during their lifetime. Despite these grim statistics, doctors have made great progress in understanding the biology of cancer cells, and they have already been able to improve the diagnosis and treatment of cancer with new technology.

   Early diagnosis is important, but can you go one better? Can you reduce your risk of getting cancer in the first stage? It sounds too good to be true, but it's not. Scientists at the Harvard School of Public Health estimate that up to 75% of cancer deaths can be prevented. So that, prevention of cancer is very important.

   Primary prevention of cancer attempts to limit exposure to carcinogens in order to prevent the initiation of cancer. Cancer prevention strategies to modify cancer risk factors involve lifestyle interventions and medical interventions which include vaccines. Secondary prevention strategies use screening and early detection programs in an attempt to identify cancer early in its development, to reduce the morbidity and mortality by improving the outcome of disease that has already developed.


Symptoms of Cancer

   Cancer can cause many symptoms, but these symptoms are most often caused by illness, injury, benign tumors, or other problems. If you have symptoms that do not get better after a few weeks. Often, cancer does not cause pain, so do not wait to feel pain before seeing a doctor. Your doctor can be diagnosed and treated your cancer as early as possible.

   Some of the symptoms that cancer may cause include:
1) Night sweats or fever for unknown reasons.
2) weight loss or Weight gain for unknown reasons.
3) Breast changes: Lump or firm feeling in breast, under or arm, Nipple changes, Skin that is red, itchy, mscaly, puckered.
4) Bladder changes: Blood in the urine, Trouble urinating, Pain when urinating.
5) Bleeding or bruising, for unknown reasons.
6) Fatigue that is severe and lasts.
7) Swelling or lumps anywhere such as in the neck, underarm, stomach, and groin.
8) Cough or hoarseness that does not go away.
9) Skin changes: A sore does not heal, A flesh-colored lump bleeds or turns scaly, A new mole or in an existing mole, Jaundice.
10) Bowel changes: Changes in bowel habits or Blood in the stools
11) Mouth changes: A red or white patch on the tongue or in mouth, Bleeding, pain, or numbness in the lip or mouth.
12) Eating problems: Pain after eating, Trouble swallowing, Belly pain, Nausea and vomiting, Appetite changes.
13) Neurological problems: Seizures, Headaches, Vision changes, Hearing changes, Drooping of the face.

16 Commandments of cancer prevention

   As we know that preventing cancer is one of the most effective ways of creating a cancer free future. It is important that one in three cancer cases could be prevented and the number of cancer deaths could be reduced significantly by choosing a cancer-free lifestyle. Fortunately, there are 16 simple cancer-free lifestyle changes you can make to help reduce your risk of cancer.

   The 16 changes are maintain a healthy body weight, be physically exercise, moderate alcohol consumption, stop and never start Smoking and make home smoke free, be a healthy diet, moderate consumption of red meats and processed meats and fast foods, moderate consumption of sugar sweetened drinks, against cancer-causing substances, do not exposed to high radiation, avoid too much sun, breastfeeding your baby, Moderate consumption supplements, Avoid risky behaviors, know family history, take part in vaccination and cancer screening programs and last to get regular check-ups.


16 Commandments of cancer prevention

 

Maintain a Healthy Body Weight

Maintaining a healthy weight is important for overall health and well-being. As grow older, if you continue eating the same types and amounts of food but do not become more active, you will probably gain weight. That’s because your metabolism can slow with age, and your body composition may be different from when you were younger. The energy your body gets from the nutrients in the food you eat is measured as calories. The more calories you eat, the more active you have to be to maintain your weight.

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Be Physically Exercise

Frequent and regular physical exercise is an important component in the prevention of some diseases such as heart disease, cardiovascular disease, Type II diabetes and obesity. Exercises are generally grouped into three types depending on the overall effect they have on the human body: Flexibility exercises such as stretching improve the range of motion of muscles and joints; aerobic exercises such as walking and running focus on increasing cardiovascular endurance; and anaerobic exercises such as weight training, functional training or sprinting increase short-term muscle strength.
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Moderate Alcohol Consumption

It’s safe to say that alcohol is both a tonic and a poison. The difference lies mostly in the dose. Moderate drinking seems to be good for the heart and circulatory system, and probably protects against type II diabetes and gallstones. In some countries, alcohol is implicated in about half of fatal traffic accidents. Heavy drinking can damage the liver and heart, harm an unborn child, increase the chances of developing breast and some other cancers, contribute to depression and violence, and interfere with relationships.
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Stop and never start Smoking

Smoking is a practice in which a substance is burned and the resulting smoke is typically breathed in to be tasted and absorbed into the bloodstream. The substance used is the dried leaves of the tobacco plant, which have been rolled into a small rectangle of rolling paper to create a small, round cylinder called a cigarette. Cigarette smoking harms nearly every organ of the body, causes many diseases, and reduces the health of smokers in general. Smokers are more likely than nonsmokers to develop heart disease, stroke, and lung cancer.
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Be a Healthy Diet

Consuming a healthy diet throughout the life-course helps to prevent malnutrition in all its forms as well as a range of noncommunicable diseases and conditions. However, increased production of processed foods, rapid urbanization and changing lifestyles have led to a shift in dietary patterns. People are now consuming more foods high in energy, fats, free sugars and salt/sodium, and many people do not eat enough fruit, vegetables and other dietary fibre such as whole grains.
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Moderate consumption of red meats and processed meats

Is red meat healthy, harmful, or neutral? Should we enjoy it freely on our healthy diet or limit our consumption? Has a strong link between red meat and heart disease, cancer, or other diseases been established? Will consuming it on a regular basis shorten your life or put you at risk of health problems? Red meat comes from mammals. It usually appears dark red because it contains a lot of myoglobin, the iron-rich protein that stores oxygen in animal muscle. The red meat category includes beef, pork, lamb, veal, goat, bison, venison, and other game.
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Moderate Consumption of Sugar Sweetened Drinks

Consumption of sugary drinks is increasing in many countries worldwide and is contributing to the global increase in obesity, which increases the risk of many cancers. one of our Cancer Prevention Recommendations is to limit consumption of sugar sweetened drinks, and drink mostly water or unsweetened drinks. There is strong evidence that greater body fatness is a cause of many cancers: mouth, pharynx and larynx, oesophagus (adenocarcinoma), stomach (cardia), pancreas, gallbladder, liver, colorectum, breast (postmenopausal), ovary, endometrium, prostate (advanced) and kidney
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Against Cancer-causing Substances

The environment is filled with substances that can potentially lead to cancer in humans. Many people are familiar with some cancer-causing substances, which are broadly known as carcinogens.A carcinogen is a specific chemical or physical agent that has the ability to cause cancer in individuals exposed to that agent. Some carcinogenic agents are associated with increasing the risk of developing specific types of cancer. Once we have identified carcinogens, we can then go on to take specific measures to limit our exposure and so reduce the incidence of specific cancers associated with carcinogens.
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Do not Exposed to High Radiation

Radiation has sufficient energy to affect the atoms in living cells and thereby damage their DNA. The cells in our bodies are extremely efficient at repairing this damage. However, if the damage is not repaired correctly, a cell may die or eventually become cancerous. Exposure to very high levels of radiation can cause acute health effects such as skin burns and acute radiation sicknes. It can also result in long-term health effects as cancer and cardiovascular disease.
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Avoid too much sun

Spending time outside is a great way to be physically active, get vitamin D and reduce stress. You can work and play outside without raising your skin cancer risk by protecting your skin from the sun. Most skin cancers are caused by too much exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. UV rays are an invisible kind of radiation that comes from the sun, tanning beds, and sunlamps. UV rays can damage skin cells. It is important to protect from UV rays all year. Cumulative sun exposure causes mainly basal cell and squamous cell skin cancer.
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Breastfeeding Your Baby

Breastfeeding is one of the most effective ways to ensure child health and survival. the exclusively recommended breastfed is 6 months. Breastmilk is the ideal food for infants. It is safe, clean and contains antibodies which help protect against many common childhood illnesses. Breastmilk provides all the energy and nutrients that the infant needs for the first 6 months of life. Breastfed children perform better on intelligence tests, are less likely to be overweight or obese and less prone to diabetes later in life.
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Moderate consumption Supplements

Dietary supplements such as vitamin and mineral tablets have become widely available in the world. Some people are advised by their doctor or dietitian to take dietary supplements if they have certain medical conditions, However, most people do not need dietary supplements if they eat a wide variety of nutritious foods. people were recommended to eat a variety of nutritious foods, especially fruit and vegetables, instead of individual nutrients in supplement form. People who eat a diet high in plant foods such as fruit, vegetables and wholegrain cereals have a lower risk for some types of cancer.
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Avoid risky behaviors

Another effective cancer prevention tactic is to avoid risky behaviors that can lead to infections that, in turn, might increase the risk of cancer such as Risky sexual behaviors and share needles. Practice safe sex is to limit your number of sexual partners and use a condom when you have sex. The more sexual partners you have in your lifetime, the more likely you are to contract a sexually transmitted infection — such as HIV or HPV. People who have HIV or AIDS have a higher risk of cancer of the anus, liver and lung. HPV is most often associated with cervical cancer, but it might also increase the risk of cancer of the anus, penis, throat, vulva and vagina.
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Know Family History

We inherit genes from both our parents. If a parent has a gene mutation, then each child has a 1 in 2 chance (50%) of inheriting it. So, some children will have the faulty gene and an increased risk of developing cancer and some children won’t. Being born with inherited faulty genes doesn’t mean that a person will definitely get cancer. But they have a higher risk of developing particular types of cancer than other people. They are also more likely to develop cancer at a younger age.
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Take Part in Vaccination Programs

A cancer vaccine is a vaccine that either treats existing cancer or prevents development of cancer. Vaccines that treat existing cancer are known as therapeutic cancer vaccines. Some of the vaccines are "autologous", being prepared from samples taken from the patient, and are specific to that patient. Vaccines are medicines that help the body fight disease. They can train the immune system to find and destroy harmful germs and cells. There are also vaccines for cancer. There are vaccines that prevent cancer and vaccines that treat cancer.
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Get regular check-ups

Regular check-ups Screening test means checking your body for cancer before you have symptoms. Getting screening tests regularly may find breast, cervical, and colorectal (colon) cancers early, when treatment is likely to work best. Lung cancer screening is recommended for some people who are at high risk. The main goals of cancer screening are to Find cancer early, Reduce the chance that someone who is screened regularly will die from the cancer and have more potential benefits than harms.
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